To improve soil fertility, farmers use various methods, including products made from effective microorganisms. Before using EM products, it's important to understand what they are and how to apply them correctly. These substances are used in combination with other methods, which can significantly improve the soil on a plot.
Description of EM preparations and the history of their creation
Recently, gardeners have been increasingly using natural products in their gardens. Soil fertility depends on the adequate supply of micro- and macronutrients. It is also influenced by the content of beneficial bacteria, which stimulate the functioning of the soil microflora.
EM preparations contain beneficial microorganisms. These include fungi, bacteria, and yeast. The first substance in this group was developed by Japanese scientists in 1982. It was called "Kyussei EM1."
What is included and how does it work?
Preparations containing valuable microorganisms are of natural origin and do not contain any pathogenic bacteria. However, they contain the following substances:
- lactic acid bacteria – suppress the development of harmful microorganisms;
- photosynthetic bacteria – activate the production of beneficial microflora;
- yeast fungi – act as natural antibiotics;
- actinomycetes – suppress the activity of pathogenic fungi and microbes;
- Fermenting fungi – ensure rapid decomposition of organic matter.
Purpose and instructions for use
EM products are often used in gardening. For them to be effective, a combination of factors is required. These include adequate light, humidity, temperature, and oxygen levels in the air.
Moreover, tools of this type are used to solve various problems:
- For treating seeds and seedlings. It is recommended to soak seeds and tubers in the solution immediately before planting and keep them there for 2 to 10 hours. This helps increase germination and protect plants from diseases.
- For compost. These products produce useful fertilizer in 1-3 months. Any organic matter can be used to make EM compost. This includes weeds, fallen leaves, branches, and straw. The microorganisms contained in the EM product accelerate the decomposition of organic matter and help form a loose, highly nutritious substrate.
- As a fertilizer. An aqueous solution of EM preparations is considered an excellent plant food. It can be applied both foliarly and root. Spray the plants with the liquid solution every two weeks. Watering can also be done several times during the growing season.
- Weed control. This option is suitable for those who don't want to use strong chemicals on their plots. In this case, you can try to kill weeds with bacteriological treatments. To do this, trim the unwanted vegetation and then water the plot with an EM solution. This will cause the plant roots remaining in the soil to ferment and quickly decompose. This procedure is best performed in the fall, when there are no cultivated plants in the garden beds.
- For cesspools. These products contain beneficial microorganisms that ensure rapid decomposition of organic matter. Therefore, they are often used for cesspools and outdoor toilets. This accelerates the composting of organic waste and eliminates unpleasant odors. It is recommended to use the product at least twice, spaced weekly. Pour the solution into only one corner of the cesspool. It will quickly soak in and begin working.
How to prepare EM preparations
A combination of factors is required for the product to activate. These include light, humidity, air, and a sufficiently high temperature. Ready-to-use products can be simply diluted with warm water before use. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions.
Safety precautions
EM products are considered organic and are safe for humans, fish, and beneficial insects. When working with them, simple safety precautions should be followed, including wearing protective clothing and rubber gloves.
How and how long to store
Products containing beneficial bacteria have an unlimited shelf life because the microorganisms they contain are dormant. However, to preserve their properties, it's important to follow a few rules. These products should be stored in a cool, dark place. Humidity should not exceed 60%.
EM products are effective treatments that can be used to address a wide range of issues. To ensure the desired effect, it's important to strictly follow the instructions for use.