Description of the Venyaminovskoye apple tree variety, planting and care

The Venyaminovskoye apple tree tolerates changing weather conditions well and produces large harvests. The fruit has an attractive appearance and excellent flavor. The plant can withstand frost without damage to its shoots.

Selection of the Venyaminovskoye apple tree

This apple tree is a winter variety. The following varieties were used to create the hybrid: F2 Malus floribunda and Golden Delicious. The apple tree was first planted in the 1980s in Oryol. However, it only became widely popular in 2001. It is widely used for garden cultivation.

Cultivation regions

Breeders recommend growing this variety in the southern and central regions of Russia. However, with proper care and winter preparation, it can tolerate low temperatures without harm.

Pros and cons

When planting an apple tree, the following benefits should be taken into account:

• the presence of immunity to diseases;
• crop yield;
• ability to tolerate frost;
• the fruits are large and can be used for transportation;
• fruits are used for storage;
• the fruit is juicy and sweet.

Gardeners consider the late ripening period to be a disadvantage, compared to other varieties, and the fact that the crop sheds after ripening should also be considered a disadvantage.

Characteristics and description of the Venyaminovskoe variety

The fruits and crops have some distinctive features that need to be studied before planting a seedling in the garden.

Tree size and annual growth

The tree's height depends on the growing region. Under favorable weather conditions, it can reach up to 5 meters. In some regions, the tree reaches only 3 meters. The crown is spreading, and the shoots are strong. Annual growth is 15-20 cm.

Important: The tree can grow up to 7 meters in height. However, to obtain large fruits, pruning of the upper part of the crown is necessary.

Lifespan

The lifespan of the crop can be up to 70 years, depending on the growing region and compliance with care rules.

All about fruiting

This apple tree is known for its high yield and fast ripening period. Therefore, this variety is often used for harvesting fruit that will last for several months.

Flowering and pollinators

The apple tree blooms from mid-April to early May, depending on weather conditions. It requires pollinators. The following apple varieties are most often planted for pollination:

• Arkad;
• Sharopai;
• Myron.

It is not recommended to use small-varietal crops as pollinators, as they may negatively affect the quality of the fruit.

Ripening time and yield

Apple harvesting occurs between late September and mid-October. Yields are high, with trees up to 15 years old yielding over 150 kg. The fruit's peak production period occurs between 25 and 35 years of age. After that, the yield declines.

Tasting qualities of apples

The apples have a pleasant sweet and sour flavor. The flesh is firm and juicy. The apple skin is red and evenly colored. The fruits are round and have a pleasant aroma.

Fruit collection and use

The fruit must be harvested immediately after ripening, otherwise most of the harvest will fall off. Fallen apples are used for canning or eating, but are not used for storage or transportation.

Apples are used in cooking. Another advantage of the fruit is that it can be stored in cool conditions. Apples can be stored for up to three months without losing their flavor.

Winter hardiness

The plant can tolerate temperatures down to -35 degrees Celsius. However, trees up to four years old require insulation. An advantage of this variety is its ability to self-repair frost-damaged areas.

Disease resistance

Diseases rarely damage this apple variety. In some cases, root rot may occur, but this is caused by improper care. Mature plants can be damaged by beetles that destroy the bark. However, in such cases, it is necessary to treat the tree with a copper sulfate solution or whitewash the trunk.

Specifics of planting fruit crops

Following planting rules allows you to grow a healthy crop that is distinguished by its productivity and fruit size.

Deadlines

Seedlings should be planted in the ground in mid-September. This timing allows the roots to strengthen and prepare for frost. Spring plantings are only recommended for regions prone to early frosts.

Site selection and preparation

The location for planting a young seedling must meet the following requirements:

1. Be protected from winds and drafts.
2. Avoid planting in a ravine. The site should not allow water to accumulate. It's also important to ensure that the groundwater level isn't too close to the surface.
3. The area must be exposed to sunlight.

Once the planting site has been selected, it's necessary to clear the area of ​​weeds. The area is dug to reduce the risk of pests and fungal infections. Apple trees prefer loamy soil.

Preparing seedlings

The further development of a crop depends on the quality of the planting material. To ensure this, seedlings should be purchased only from trusted sources. The planting material should be soaked in a growth activator for 2 hours and then planted in the soil.

Technological process of landing

Before the planting process, you must complete the following sequence of actions:

1. Dig a hole 60 cm deep. The width of the planting hole should be 50 cm.
2. Prepare a nutrient mixture by mixing 2 parts soil, one part humus and one part sand.
3. Place broken stone and a quarter of the nutrient mixture at the bottom of the hole.
4. Place the seedling and straighten the roots.
5. Cover with soil and install a wooden support.
6. Cover the seedling with soil and water with plenty of water.

The support is left in place for a year. This reduces the risk of wind damage to the seedling.

What can be planted nearby?

Apple trees can be planted in the same plot alongside other varieties that act as pollinators and share similar characteristics. Pears, plums, and cherries can also be planted in the same plot.

Caring for fruit crops

Not only the health of the crop, but also the production of the required harvest depends on proper care.

Fertilization and watering

After planting, the plant needs to be watered every two days. Once the seedling has established itself, watering is reduced to once a week. For a mature plant, water several times a month. Use up to four buckets of water per tree.

No fertilization is required during the first year after planting. For the second and third years, follow this schedule:

• complex fertilizers are applied in spring;
• in summer nitrogen and potassium;
• humus in autumn.

For an adult plant, it is necessary to apply potassium-phosphorus fertilizers in the spring and organic matter in the fall.

Important: If your apple tree is not growing well, it's important to use nitrogen fertilizers to speed up its growth.

Pruning branches

After planting the seedling in the ground, trim the branches, leaving the main shoot and two side shoots that will form the skeleton. It's also important to ensure that the seedling has at least five buds.

In the second and third years, it's necessary to shape the crown, removing shoots growing inward. Lateral shoots should also be trimmed. Mature plants should be pruned twice a year in the spring to maintain the desired shape.

In summer, sanitary pruning should be carried out and all damaged shoots should be removed.

Caring for the tree trunk circle

To prevent the plant from becoming diseased, it's important to monitor the bark and remove damaged areas. Damaged areas should be treated with an antiseptic or garden pitch. In the spring, the trunk should be whitewashed. The root zone should be regularly loosened and weeded.

Preventive treatments

In the spring, it's necessary to spray with special preparations that reduce the risk of disease. In the fall, the tree is sprayed with chemicals that reduce the risk of pest infestations. Before winter, the trunks of young saplings should be wrapped in fiber to protect the bark from damage by rodents.

Shelter for the winter

The plant tolerates frost well, but young seedlings need to be protected from the elements by covering their roots with humus and spruce branches. Trees that are only one year old should be covered with burlap.

Features of growing on dwarf rootstock

Using a dwarf rootstock allows for a small-sized plant that produces large yields. For cultivation, a budded rootstock is used, achieving the following results:

• the tree is small in height, which makes the harvesting process easier;
• the crown uses up space on the site economically;
• the fruits ripen quickly;
• The tree is rarely susceptible to diseases.

However, it's important to note that such trees have roots located close to the surface. Another disadvantage of this type of plant is that the trees only bear fruit for a short period.

Methods of propagation of the Venyaminovskoe variety

The following methods can be used to propagate the variety:

1. Layering: To use this method, bend one shoot to the ground and bury it. A shoot will emerge from the point of contact within a year. This shoot is used as planting material.
2. Root suckers are small shoots that grow from the mother root. The shoot should be 1 meter from the mother root. It is dug up and replanted in another location.
3. A graft is an apple bud grafted onto a dwarf rootstock. This results in a tree that retains its essential characteristics.

Most often, planting material is purchased at specialized retail outlets, but if desired, you can grow a new plant yourself.

Gardeners' reviews

Marina Petrovna, 48, Tomsk: "The apple tree recently started bearing fruit. The fruit is delicious and keeps for three months."

Stepan Alekseevich, 36, Bryansk Oblast: "The tree doesn't require much care. It grows quickly and produces large harvests, which are distinguished by their pleasant flavor and juicy flesh. The weight of the apples causes the branches to bend toward the ground, and the tree has become a beautiful addition to the garden."

Conclusion

Growing apple trees yields a harvest with excellent flavor. The tree easily adapts to new growing conditions and requires little maintenance. With proper cultivation practices, the seedling will survive the winter and is free from pest attacks.